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Io
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#+TITLE: Seven Languages in Seven Weeks
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#+BEAMER_HEADER: \subtitle{Io}
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#+BEAMER_HEADER: \institute[INST]{Extreme Tech Seminar}
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#+AUTHOR: Correl Roush
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#+EMAIL: correl@gmail.com
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#+DATE: June 10, 2015
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#+OPTIONS: H:2 toc:nil ^:nil
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#+STARTUP: beamer indent
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#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_act(Act) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_opt(Opt)
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#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.0 :ETC
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#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
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#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
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* Introduction
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** Introduction
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*** Io :BMCOL:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_col: 0.5
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:END:
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- Created :: 2002
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- Author :: Steve Dekorte
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An embeddable prototype language with a simple syntax and strong
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concurrency model.
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*** Ferris Bueller :BMCOL:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:BEAMER_col: 0.5
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:END:
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#+ATTR_LATEX: width=\textwidth
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[[file:bueller.jpg]]
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** Getting Io
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[[http://iolanguage.org/]]
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* Day 1
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** Day 1: Skipping School, Hanging Out
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- Prototypes
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- Sending messages
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- Objects, slots, and types
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- Methods
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- Collections
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- Singletons
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** Objects, Prototypes, and Inheritance
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#+begin_src io
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Vehicle := Object clone
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Vehicle description := "Something to take you far away"
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Car := Vehicle clone
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Car description // "Something to take you far away"
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ferrari := Car clone
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#+end_src
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- Objects are just containers of slots. If the slot isn't there, Io
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calls the parent.
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- =ferrari= has no =type= slot. By convention, types in Io begin with
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uppercase letters.
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** Methods
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#+begin_src io
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Car drive := method("Vroom" println)
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#+end_src
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- A method is an object.
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- Since a method is an object, we can assign it to a slot.
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- If a slot has a method, invoking the slot invokes the method.
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** Lists and Maps
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#+begin_src io
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list(1, 2, 3, 4) sum // 10
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elvis := Map clone
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elvis atPut("home", "Graceland")
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elvis at("home") // "Graceland"
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#+end_src
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- A list is an ordered collection of objects of any type.
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- A hash is a lot like an Io object in structure where the keys are
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slots that are tied to values.
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** =true=, =false=, =nil=, and singletons
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#+begin_src io
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4 < 5 // true
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4 <= 3 // false
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true and false // false
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true or false // true
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true and 6 // true
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true and 0 // true
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true clone // true
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false clone // false
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nil clone // nil
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#+end_src
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=true=, =false=, and =nil= are *singletons*.
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** Singletons
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#+begin_src io
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Highlander := Object clone
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Highlander clone := Highlander
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#+end_src
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We've simply redefined the =clone= method to return =Highlander=,
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rather than letting Io forward requests up the tree, eventually
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getting to =Object=.
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** Exercises
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#+BEGIN_CENTER
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EXERCISES
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#+END_CENTER
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* Day 2
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** Day 2: The Sausage King
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- Loops & Conditionals
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- Operators
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- Messages
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- Reflection
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** Loops
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*** Infinite loop
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#+begin_src io
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loop("getting dizzy..." println)
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#+end_src
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*** While loop
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#+begin_src io
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i := 1
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while(i <= 11, i println; i = i + 1); "This one goes up to 11" println
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#+end_src
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*** For loop
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#+begin_src io
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for(i, 1, 11, i println); "This one goes up to 11" println
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#+end_src
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** Conditionals
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The =if= control structure is implemented as a function with the form
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=if(condition, true code, false code)=. The function will execute
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=true code= if =condition= is =true=; otherwise, it will execute
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=false code=.
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** Operators
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| 0 | ~? @ @@~ |
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| 1 | ~**~ |
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| 2 | ~% * /~ |
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| 3 | ~+ -~ |
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| 4 | ~<< >>~ |
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| 5 | ~< <= > >=~ |
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| 6 | ~!= ==~ |
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| 7 | ~&~ |
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| 8 | ~^~ |
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| 9 | ~\vert~ |
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| 10 | ~&& and~ |
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| 11 | ~or~ |
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| 12 | ~..~ |
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| 13 | ~%= &= *= += -= /= <<= >>= ^= \vert=~ |
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| 14 | ~return~ |
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** Assign Operators
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| ~::=~ | ~newSlot~ |
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| ~:=~ | ~setSlot~ |
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| ~=~ | ~updateSlot~ |
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** Add an Operator
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#+begin_src io
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OperatorTable addOperator("xor", 11)
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true xor := method(bool, if(bool, false, true))
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false xor := method(bool, if(bool, true, false))
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#+end_src
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** Messages
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A message has three components: the =sender=, the =target=, and the
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=arguments=.
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The =call= method gives you access to the meta information about any
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message.
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** Reflection
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#+begin_src io
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Object ancestors := method(
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prototype := self proto
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if(prototype != Object,
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writeln("Slots of ", prototype type, "\n---------------")
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prototype slotNames foreach(slotName, writeln(slotName))
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writeln
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prototype ancestors))
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Animal := Object clone
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Animal speak := method(
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"ambiguous animal noise" println)
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Duck := Animal clone
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Duck speak := method(
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"quack" println)
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Duck walk := method(
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"waddle" println)
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disco := Duck clone
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disco ancestors
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#+end_src
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** Exercises
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#+BEGIN_CENTER
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EXERCISES
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#+END_CENTER
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* Day 3
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** Day 3: The Parade and Other Strange Places
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- DSLs
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- Metaprogramming
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- Concurrency
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** Domain-Specific Languages
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#+begin_src io
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OperatorTable addAssignOperator(":", "atPutNumber")
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curlyBrackets := method(
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r := Map clone
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call message arguments foreach(arg,
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r doMessage(arg)
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)
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r
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)
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Map atPutNumber := method(
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self atPut(
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call evalArgAt(0) asMutable removePrefix("\"") removeSuffix("\""),
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call evalArgAt(1))
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)
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s := File with("phonebook.txt") openForReading contents
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phoneNumbers := doString(s)
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phoneNumbers keys println
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phoneNumbers values println
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#+end_src
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** Io's =method_missing=
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#+begin_src io
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Builder := Object clone
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Builder forward := method(
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writeln("<", call message name, ">")
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call message arguments foreach(
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arg,
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content := self doMessage(arg);
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if(content type == "Sequence", writeln(content)))
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writeln("</", call message name, ">"))
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Builder ul(
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li("Io"),
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li("Lua"),
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li("JavaScript"))
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#+end_src
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** Concurrency
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- Coroutines
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- Actors
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- Futures
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** Exercises
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#+BEGIN_CENTER
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EXERCISES
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#+END_CENTER
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* Wrapping Up
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** Wrapping Up: Strengths
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- Footprint
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- Simplicity
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- Flexibility
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- Concurrency
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** Wrapping Up: Weaknesses
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- Syntax
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- Community
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- Performance
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** Final Thoughts
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#+BEGIN_QUOTE
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Like Lisp, Io has a strong overriding philosophy of simplicity and
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flexibility.
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#+END_QUOTE
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