sprockets.http/docs/api.rst
Dave Shawley 531b796559 Add sprockets.http.app module.
This module separates out the application state management from the
mechanics of running the application.  The former is destined for a
sub-class of tornado.web.Application (as app.Application) and the
latter remains in sprockets.http.runner.
2016-11-01 22:01:27 -04:00

209 lines
7.1 KiB
ReStructuredText

API Documentation
=================
Running your Application
------------------------
This library exposes a utility function named :func:`sprockets.http.run`
for running your application. You need to pass in a callable that accepts
keyword parameters destined for :class:`tornado.web.Application` and return
the application instance.
.. autofunction:: sprockets.http.run
.. code-block:: python
:caption: Using sprockets.http.run
def create_application(**settings):
return web.Application(
[
# add your handlers here
], **settings)
if __name__ == '__main__':
sprockets.http.run(create_application)
In version 0.4, support for a ``runner_callbacks`` attribute was added to the
application instance. It is a dictionary containing lists of callbacks to
invoke at certain points in the application lifecycle. If the application
instance returned from your *make application* function defines the
attribute, then :func:`sprockets.http.run` will make sure that they are
invoked at the appropriate time.
The following example uses the callbacks to asynchronously connect to an
imaginary database and maintain a :class:`tornado.locks.Event` that can be
used to tell if the application can service requests or not.
.. code-block:: python
:caption: Adding callbacks
from tornado import gen, locks, web
def _connect_to_database(app, iol):
def _connected(future):
if future.exception():
coro = gen.sleep(0.5)
iol.add_future(coro, lambda f: _connect_to_database(app, iol))
else:
app.ready_to_serve.set()
future = dbconnector.connect()
iol.add_future(future, _connected)
def create_application(**settings):
app = web.Application(handlers, **settings)
callbacks = {
'before_run': lambda app, iol: app.ready_to_serve.clear(),
'on_start': _connect_to_database,
}
setattr(app, 'ready_to_serve', locks.Event())
setattr(app, 'runner_callbacks', callbacks)
return app
if __name__ == '__main__':
sprockets.http.run(create_application)
Start with version 1.3, this method was codified further with the creation
of the :class:`sprockets.http.app.Application` class. Instead of manually
poking attributes into the application object in your *make application*
function, create a :class:`sprockets.http.app.Application` instance and set
the callback attributes that *or* sub-class
:class:`~sprockets.http.app.Application` and add customizations in the
initializer as shown below. The sub-class approach is the recommended if you
have anything of interest in your application class.
The following snippet re-implements the previous example.
.. code-block:: python
class Application(sprockets.http.app.Application):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(Application, self).__init__(
[
# additional handlers here
],
**kwargs)
self.ready_to_serve = locks.Event()
self.on_start_callbacks.append(self._connect_to_database)
self.io_loop = None
def _create_database(self, app, io_loop):
self.io_loop = io_loop
self._connect()
def _connect(self, *ignored):
coro = dbconnector.connect()
self.io_loop.add_future(coro, self._on_connected)
def _on_connected(self, future):
if future.exception():
coro = gen.sleep(0.5)
self.io_loop.add_future(coro, self._connect)
else:
self.ready_to_serve.set()
if __name__ == '__main__':
sprockets.http.run(Application)
Before Run Callbacks
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This set of callbacks is invoked after Tornado forks sub-processes
(based on the ``number_of_procs`` setting) and before
:meth:`~tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.start` is called. Callbacks can
safely access the :class:`~tornado.ioloop.IOLoop` without causing
the :meth:`~tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.start` method to explode.
If any callback raises an exception, then the application is
terminated **before** the IOLoop is started.
.. seealso:: :attr:`~sprockets.http.app.CallbackManager.before_run_callbacks`
On Start Callbacks
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This set of callbacks is invoked after Tornado forks sub-processes
(using :meth:`tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.spawn_callback`) and **after**
:meth:`~tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.start` is called.
.. seealso:: :attr:`~sprockets.http.app.CallbackManager.on_start_callbacks`
Shutdown Callbacks
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
When the application receives a stop signal, it will run each of the
callbacks before terminating the application instance. Exceptions
raised by the callbacks are simply logged.
.. seealso:: :attr:`~sprockets.http.app.CallbackManager.on_shutdown_callbacks`
Response Logging
----------------
Version 0.5.0 introduced the :mod:`sprockets.http.mixins` module with
two simple classes - :class:`~sprockets.http.mixins.LoggingHandler`
and :class:`~sprockets.http.mixins.ErrorLogger`. Together they ensure
that errors emitted from your handlers will be logged in a consistent
manner. All too often request handlers simply call ``write_error``
to report a failure to the caller with code that looks something like:
.. code-block:: python
class MyHandler(web.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
try:
do_something()
except Failure:
self.send_error(500, reason='Uh oh')
return
This makes debugging an application fun since your caller generally
has more information about the failure than you do :/
By adding :class:`~sprockets.http.mixins.ErrorLogger` into the inheritance
chain, your error will be emitted to the application log as if you had
written the following instead:
.. code-block:: python
class MyHandler(web.RequestHandler):
def initialize(self):
super(MyHandler, self).initialize()
self.logger = logging.getLogger('MyHandler')
def get(self):
try:
do_something()
except Failure:
self.logger.error('%s %s failed with %d: %s',
self.request.method, self.request.uri,
500, 'Uh oh')
self.send_error(500, reason='Uh oh')
return
It doesn't look like much, but the error reporting is a little more
interesting than that -- 4XX errors are reported as a warning,
exceptions will include the stack traces, etc.
.. autoclass:: sprockets.http.mixins.LoggingHandler
:members:
.. autoclass:: sprockets.http.mixins.ErrorLogger
:members:
Standardized Error Response Documents
-------------------------------------
Version 0.5.0 also introduced the :class:`~sprockets.http.mixins.ErrorWriter`
class which implements ``write_error`` to provide a standard machine-readable
document response instead of the default HTML response that Tornado implements.
If :class:`~sprockets.mixins.mediatype.ContentMixin` is being used as well,
``write_error`` will use
:meth:`~sprockets.mixins.mediatype.ContentMixin.send_response` to send the
document, otherwise it is sent as JSON.
.. autoclass:: sprockets.http.mixins.ErrorWriter
:members:
Internal Interfaces
-------------------
.. automodule:: sprockets.http.runner
:members:
.. automodule:: sprockets.http.app
:members: