Abstract state change tracking

main.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from umqtt.simple import MQTTClient
 
 import ssd1306
 import mcp4
+from statetree import StateTree
 
 VOLUME_MAX = 128
 
@@ -17,12 +18,15 @@ MQTT_KEEPALIVE = 60
 MQTT_UPDATE_INTERVAL = 60
 
 
-state = {
+state = StateTree(
-    "volume": {
+    {
-        "left": 0,
+        "network": "OFF",
-        "right": 0,
+        "volume": {
+            "left": 0,
+            "right": 0,
+        },
     }
-}
+)
 last_update = 0
 
 i2c = SoftI2C(sda=Pin(2), scl=Pin(16))
@@ -33,7 +37,6 @@ buf = bytearray((oled_height // 8) * oled_width)
 fbuf = framebuf.FrameBuffer1(buf, oled_width, oled_height)
 
 sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
-network_status = "OFF"
 
 spi = SPI(1)
 cs = Pin(15, mode=Pin.OUT, value=1)
@@ -62,18 +65,10 @@ def on_message(topic, msg):
 
 
 def loop():
-    global mqtt, network_status, state, last_update
+    global mqtt, state, last_update
 
-    state_changed = False
+    state["volume"]["left"] = pot.read(0)
-    PW0 = pot.read(0)
+    state["volume"]["right"] = pot.read(1)
-    PW1 = pot.read(1)
-
-    if PW0 != state["volume"]["left"]:
-        state["volume"]["left"] = PW0
-        state_changed = True
-    if PW1 != state["volume"]["right"]:
-        state["volume"]["right"] = PW1
-        state_changed = True
 
     if not sta_if.active():
         print("Connecting to WiFi")
@@ -81,13 +76,13 @@ def loop():
         sta_if.connect(settings["wifi"]["ssid"], settings["wifi"]["password"])
 
     if sta_if.active() and not sta_if.isconnected():
-        network_status = "ACT"
+        state["network"] = "ACT"
     if sta_if.isconnected():
-        if network_status != "OK":
+        if state["network"] != "OK":
             ip, _, _, _ = sta_if.ifconfig()
             print(f"WIFI Connected to {sta_if.config('ssid')}")
             print(f"IP Address: {ip}")
-            network_status = "OK"
+            state["network"] = "OK"
         if not mqtt:
             print("Starting MQTT client")
             mqtt = MQTTClient(mqtt_client_id, mqtt_broker, keepalive=MQTT_KEEPALIVE)
@@ -166,20 +161,21 @@ def loop():
                 retain=True,
             )
 
-        if state_changed or utime.time() - last_update >= MQTT_UPDATE_INTERVAL:
+        if state.changed or utime.time() - last_update >= MQTT_UPDATE_INTERVAL:
-            topic = f"{mqtt_prefix}/state"
+            topic = f"{mqtt_prefix}/state".encode()
-            payload = json.dumps(state)
+            payload = json.dumps(state.dictionary).encode()
             print(f"MQTT -> [{topic}] {payload}")
-            mqtt.publish(f"{mqtt_prefix}/status".encode(), b"online", retain=True)
+            mqtt.publish(f"{mqtt_prefix}/status", b"online", retain=True)
-            mqtt.publish(topic.encode(), payload.encode(), retain=True)
+            mqtt.publish(topic, payload, retain=True)
-
             last_update = utime.time()
         mqtt.check_msg()
-    oled.fill(0)
+    if state.changed:
-    oled.text(f"PW0: {PW0}", 0, 0)
+        oled.fill(0)
-    oled.text(f"PW1: {PW1}", 0, 10)
+        oled.text(f"LFT: {state['volume']['left']}", 0, 0)
-    oled.text(f"NET: {network_status}", 65, 0)
+        oled.text(f"RGT: {state['volume']['right']}", 0, 10)
-    oled.show()
+        oled.text(f"NET: {state['network']}", 65, 0)
+        oled.show()
+    state.clean()
 
 
 while True:

statetree.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+class StateTree:
+    """A dictionary-like object that tracks when values have been changed."""
+
+    def __init__(self, dictionary: dict = None, parent: "StateTree" = None) -> None:
+        """Create a new state tree.
+
+        If a dictionary is supplied, its values will be initialized with it and
+        the tree will be marked as clean.
+
+        If a parent is supplied, the parent will be marked as dirty when this
+        tree is modified.
+
+        """
+        self._dictionary = dictionary if dictionary else dict()
+        self._parent = parent
+        self._changed = False
+
+    def dirty(self):
+        """Mark the tree as dirty.
+
+        This is done automatically whenever an item is updated.
+
+        """
+        self._changed = True
+        if self._parent:
+            self._parent.dirty()
+
+    def clean(self):
+        """Mark the tree as clean.
+
+        Use this method to reset the changed status of the tree once after
+        you've reacted to it being updated.
+
+        """
+        self._changed = False
+
+    @property
+    def changed(self):
+        """Returns whether the tree has been modified since the last time it was
+        marked as clean."""
+        return self._changed
+
+    @property
+    def dictionary(self):
+        """Returns the underlying dictionary."""
+        return self._dictionary
+
+    def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Get the value stored in a key in the tree.
+
+        If the value is a dictionary, returns a StateTree object instead that
+        will notify the parent if a change is made.
+
+        """
+        o = self._dictionary.__getitem__(*args, **kwargs)
+        if isinstance(o, dict):
+            return StateTree(o, parent=self)
+        else:
+            return o
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        """Update the value of a key in the tree.
+
+        Marks the tree as changed if the key is new or the new value differs
+        from the current value.
+
+        """
+        if key not in self._dictionary or value != self._dictionary[key]:
+            self.dirty()
+        self._dictionary[key] = value
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<StateTree{}{} {}>".format(
+            "^" if self._parent else "",
+            "*" if self._changed else "",
+            repr(self._dictionary),
+        )

tests/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+from .test_statetree import *
 from .test_mcp4 import *

tests/test_statetree.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import unittest
+
+from statetree import StateTree
+
+
+class StateTreeTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_new_empty_tree_is_clean(self):
+        tree = StateTree()
+        self.assertEqual(dict(), tree.dictionary)
+        self.assertFalse(tree.changed)
+
+    def test_setting_item_dirties_tree(self):
+        tree = StateTree()
+        tree["foo"] = "bar"
+        self.assertEqual({"foo": "bar"}, tree.dictionary)
+        self.assertTrue(tree.changed)
+
+    def test_setting_an_equivalent_value_does_not_dirty_tree(self):
+        tree = StateTree({"foo": "bar"})
+        tree["foo"] = "bar"
+        self.assertFalse(tree.changed)
+
+    def test_setting_nested_item_dirties_parent(self):
+        tree = StateTree({"foo": {"bar": "baz"}})
+        tree["foo"]["bar"] = "changed"
+        self.assertEqual({"foo": {"bar": "changed"}}, tree.dictionary)
+        self.assertTrue(tree.changed)
+
+    def test_dirtying_sets_changed_status(self):
+        tree = StateTree()
+        tree.dirty()
+        self.assertTrue(tree.changed)
+
+    def test_cleaning_removes_changed_status(self):
+        tree = StateTree()
+        tree.dirty()
+        tree.clean()
+        self.assertFalse(tree.changed)